Description
The “Ammonia & Manufacture of Ammonia” (55x90 cm) educational chart presents both the fundamental properties and laboratory preparation of ammonia as well as the industrial (Haber-Bosch process) synthesis, making it ideal for secondary and college chemistry classrooms.
Chart Features
Printed in full color and laminated in 55x90 cm format for clear classroom visibility and long-term use.
Ammonia Properties Section:
Illustrates the ammonia molecule (NH₃), showing its trigonal pyramidal geometry and polar nature.
Notes ammonia’s colorless, pungent odor, high water solubility, and basic character.
Lists uses such as fertilizers, nitric acid production, refrigeration, explosives, and cleaning agents.
Laboratory Preparation:
Depicts the reaction between ammonium chloride and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), heated to liberate ammonia gas:
2
N
H
4
C
l
+
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
→
2
N
H
3
+
C
a
C
l
2
+
2
H
2
O
2NH
4
Cl+Ca(OH)
2
→2NH
3
+CaCl
2
+2H
2
O
Showcases typical lab apparatus and safety practices for collecting ammonia.
Industrial Manufacture – Haber Process:
Diagrams the Haber (Haber–Bosch) process, the main industrial route for ammonia synthesis.
Outlines the flow of raw materials: nitrogen (from air), hydrogen (from natural gas/steam reforming), fed into a high-pressure reactor over an iron catalyst.
Specifies key conditions: 400–450°C, 150–200 atmospheres, iron catalyst.
Shows recycling of unreacted gases to maximize efficiency and ammonia yield, and subsequent cooling for ammonia separation.
Contains a block diagram or flow chart describing gas preparation, purification, catalytic reaction, product condensation, and recycling steps.
Educational Value
Provides a clear stepwise visual summary of laboratory and industrial ammonia production, reaction equations, catalyst roles, and typical process layout.
Helps students connect the theoretical chemistry of ammonia to real-world industrial processes and everyday products.
Widely used for both class demonstration and independent revision in educational settings.
This chart is essential for reinforcing understanding of chemical reactions, catalysis, equilibrium, and the practical significance of ammonia chemistry.