Hyderabad
08048036175
+919848399491
General Lab Supplies by MNC CHEMICALS SURGICALS

Resistivity of Semiconductors by four probe method at different Temperatures & Determination of Bandgap.

INR 45360
In stockcod available
Phone Number

08048036175

Please keep 0 before dialling the number.

Email Address mnc.naveen@gmail.com

Mon-Thu: 10 AM - 2 PM • Fri: 3 PM - 7AM

Address Correspondence Address: Shop No. 20, 2nd Floor, Srirama Tower, Bogulkunta, Telangana

Hyderabad, India, 500001

Description

The four probe method is a widely used laboratory technique for measuring the resistivity of semiconductors at different temperatures and determining the bandgap energy of the material. Apparatus Description The setup consists of four collinear spring-loaded probes mounted with equal spacing on a Teflon bush for electrical insulation. A semiconductor sample, such as a germanium or silicon wafer, is placed on a heated platform or in an oven for temperature control. Associated electronics include a constant current generator, micro- or millivoltmeter (to measure voltage), thermometer, and oven controller for varying sample temperature. The arrangement avoids errors from probe contact resistance, making the measurement more accurate. Measurement Procedure Current is supplied through the outer two probes; the potential difference is measured across the inner two probes. At each controlled temperature, voltage and current readings allow calculation of sample resistance and, using probe geometry, conversion to resistivity. This process is repeated at multiple temperatures from room temperature up to 150–200°C. Determination of Band Gap Semiconductors exhibit exponential changes in resistivity with temperature, following: ρ ( T ) = A exp ⁡ ( E g 2 k B T ) ρ(T)=Aexp( 2k B T E g ) where E g E g is the band gap energy, k B k B the Boltzmann constant, and T T temperature. A graph is plotted of log ⁡ ( ρ ) log(ρ) versus 1 / T 1/T; the slope of this plot is proportional to the band gap energy ( E g E g ), which can then be determined. Applications This method provides precise resistivity measurements and bandgap determination, fundamental for characterizing semiconductor properties and crucial in electronics/materials science research. The four probe apparatus is standard in academic and industrial labs, offering reliable results even on small, thin samples.

Model No. N-EL039

Other Products

view all

6814772a5d263414004dd4a4 Card 2

product image
Modular Laboratory Furniture

Welcome to the world of MNC Modular Laboratory Furniture! Our top-of-the-line modular laboratory furniture is designed to meet all your laboratory needs with ease and efficiency. Made with high-quality materials, our furniture is not only durable but also customizable to suit your specific requirements. With its sleek and modern design, it will give your lab a professional look while maximizing space utilization. Our modular furniture allows for easy installation and reconfiguration, making it perfect for any type of laboratory setting. Say goodbye to cluttered workspaces and hello to a well-organized and functional lab with MNC Modular Laboratory Furniture. Upgrade your lab today and experience the convenience and versatility of our top-notch modular furniture!

6814772a5d263414004dd4a4 Card 2

product image
Laboratory Chemicals

Ferrous borate extra pure is a high-quality iron(II) borate compound (commonly referred to as iron(II) borate or ferrous borate), used predominantly in laboratory and industrial settings for applications that demand high purity standards. It typically appears as a fine, air-sensitive solid and is valued for its chemical stability under controlled conditions. The compound features a high degree of purity, making it especially suitable for analytical work, advanced research, and select industrial processes.​ Product Description for Website Ferrous borate extra pure (Iron(II) borate) is a premium-grade inorganic salt prepared to strict purity standards, ensuring low levels of contaminants and accurate stoichiometry for scientific and technical applications. The product is carefully processed and packaged to maintain its chemical integrity and support reliable results in laboratory analysis and synthesis.​ Synonyms: Iron(II) borate, Ferrous borate Chemical Formula: Fe(BO2)2 (hydrated forms and other stoichiometries possible) Appearance: Pale solid, may be air-sensitive Grade: Extra pure (analytical/research grade) Applications: Used in specialized laboratory analyses, catalyst systems, advanced inorganic synthesis, and as a starting material in certain industrial applications where high purity is critical.​ Key Features High purity and controlled chemical analysis for reliable, reproducible results Packaged with minimal contamination risk and maximum shelf-life Suitable for use in chemical research, formulation, and manufacturing at the analytical level​ Safety & Handling Ferrous borate is generally stable under typical laboratory conditions but should be handled with care as it may be sensitive to atmospheric moisture and air. Use standard personal protective equipment and store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry environment.​ This concise description is suitable for use as a base product summary or catalog entry for e-commerce or laboratory supply websites, ensuring clarity for research and procurement professionals.​

6814772a5d263414004dd4a4 Card 2

product image
Laboratory Chemicals

Ferrous borate extra pure is a high-quality iron(II) borate compound (commonly referred to as iron(II) borate or ferrous borate), used predominantly in laboratory and industrial settings for applications that demand high purity standards. It typically appears as a fine, air-sensitive solid and is valued for its chemical stability under controlled conditions. The compound features a high degree of purity, making it especially suitable for analytical work, advanced research, and select industrial processes.​ Product Description for Website Ferrous borate extra pure (Iron(II) borate) is a premium-grade inorganic salt prepared to strict purity standards, ensuring low levels of contaminants and accurate stoichiometry for scientific and technical applications. The product is carefully processed and packaged to maintain its chemical integrity and support reliable results in laboratory analysis and synthesis.​ Synonyms: Iron(II) borate, Ferrous borate Chemical Formula: Fe(BO2)2 (hydrated forms and other stoichiometries possible) Appearance: Pale solid, may be air-sensitive Grade: Extra pure (analytical/research grade) Applications: Used in specialized laboratory analyses, catalyst systems, advanced inorganic synthesis, and as a starting material in certain industrial applications where high purity is critical.​ Key Features High purity and controlled chemical analysis for reliable, reproducible results Packaged with minimal contamination risk and maximum shelf-life Suitable for use in chemical research, formulation, and manufacturing at the analytical level​ Safety & Handling Ferrous borate is generally stable under typical laboratory conditions but should be handled with care as it may be sensitive to atmospheric moisture and air. Use standard personal protective equipment and store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry environment.​ This concise description is suitable for use as a base product summary or catalog entry for e-commerce or laboratory supply websites, ensuring clarity for research and procurement professionals.​