ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & VALVES MOUNTED ON BOARD

Electronic components mounted on a board, also known as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), are the building blocks of modern electronics. These components work together to power electronic devices and can be broadly classified into two categories: mechanical and electrical.

Electrical Components:

Passive Components:

Resistors: Limit the flow of electrical current and come in various resistance values and tolerance levels.

Capacitors: Store electrical charge and smooth voltage in a circuit, available in different capacitance values.

Inductors: Store energy as a magnetic field and resist changes in current flow.

Transformers: Transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

Active Components:

Integrated Circuits (ICs): Miniaturized transistors and other components etched onto a small silicon chip, acting as the “brain” of a circuit board.

Transistors: Act as switches or amplifiers, regulating current flow and enabling critical functions.

Diodes: Allow current to flow in one direction, protecting components from damage and enabling functions like current rectification.

Other Components:

Connectors: Interface components that link boards to off-board circuitry and other devices.

Crystal Oscillators: Timing elements that produce a periodic electronic signal, serving as a reference clock source.

Fuses: Safety devices that protect circuit board components and wiring from overcurrent damage.

Potentiometers: Variable resistors whose resistance can be changed by an external mechanical device.

Relays: Electrically operated switches that control circuits handling higher currents or voltages safely.

Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs): Semiconductor devices that allow current flow in one direction when triggered.

These components are connected on a PCB through a network of pathways called traces, which carry signals and current throughout the board ¹.

PN Junction Diode on Board (IN 34 or equivalent).